Murshidabad district is home to numerous lesser-known zamindari families who played crucial roles in shaping the region’s social, economic, and cultural history. This article explores these hidden pillars of Murshidabad’s zamindari legacy.
Understanding the Zamindari System in Murshidabad
Origins and Significance
The zamindari system was introduced during Mughal rule and later institutionalized by the British under the Permanent Settlement Act of 1793. Zamindars were landowners who collected revenue from peasants on behalf of the state. In Murshidabad, the system gave rise to both powerful nawabs and local landowning families that wielded considerable influence over rural society.
Decline of Zamindari Power
After India’s independence and the abolition of zamindari in 1951, many zamindars lost their political and economic dominance, as land reforms aimed to redistribute land more equitably among the peasantry. This significant shift marked the decline of an era where zamindars wielded immense influence over rural society, economy, and governance.
However, the cultural and historical legacy of these families, especially those lesser known, remains noteworthy. Many former zamindar families continued to play roles in education, literature, religious institutions, and local leadership. Their ancestral homes, family archives, festivals, and traditions still bear testimony to a bygone era of regional power and prestige.
Prominent Yet Lesser-Known Zamindari Families of Murshidabad
1. The Nawabs of Beldanga
While not as famous as the Nawabs of Murshidabad, the Nawabs of Beldanga held significant regional sway. Their estate covered vast agricultural lands, and the family was known for supporting local education and health services. They maintained cordial relations with both British officials and neighboring zamindars, which helped them preserve influence during political shifts. The Nawabs also played a key role in settling local disputes and financing the construction of mosques, wells, and rest houses for travelers, leaving a lasting legacy of community service and regional leadership.
Contributions:
- Established schools and madrasas in the Beldanga area
- Patronized local weavers and artisans during the colonial era
- Donated land for public welfare and religious institutions
2. The Roys of Khargram
The Roy family of Khargram were influential Hindu zamindars known for their cultural patronage and diplomacy with both the Mughals and British, actively supporting local artisans, preserving temples, and mediating political conflicts in the region.
Notable Facts:
- Maintained private libraries with rare manuscripts
- Financed construction of temples and dharamshalas
- Supported anti-colonial activities discreetly during British rule
3. The Laskars of Salar
The Laskar zamindars of Salar were known for their strict Islamic traditions, yet were tolerant and inclusive in administrative dealings. They played a mediating role between the common folk and British officers.
Legacy:
- Built the Salar Jama Masjid and multiple irrigation canals
- Were respected for maintaining communal harmony
- Contributed to the expansion of local agriculture through canal projects
Cultural and Architectural Legacy
Forgotten Palaces and Estates
Many lesser-known zamindari families of Murshidabad owned beautiful but now dilapidated estates and palaces, such as:
- The Kherur Palace near Kandi
- The Nishatnagar Manor of the Mirza family
- The Rustampur Haveli belonging to the Chowdhurys
These structures, though in ruins, still echo the grandeur and artistic inclinations of their builders.
Temples, Mosques, and Public Buildings
Several public structures, though not associated with famous rulers, were funded by zamindars:
- Govinda Temple of Bhagawangola, supported by the Mitra family
- Katra Madrasah expansions, aided by the Syeds of Jalangi
- Numerous baolis (stepwells) and ghats built for public utility
Social Contributions and Philanthropy
Promotion of Education
Some of these zamindars invested heavily in education before and during British rule. For example:
- The Sahibs of Raghunathganj built the region’s first girls’ school in the early 1900s
- The Majumdar family of Nabagram donated books and land to libraries
Support for the Arts
Several families employed court poets, musicians, and painters, preserving classical art forms in rural pockets:
- Miniature paintings influenced by Mughal style
- Bengali folk theater (Jatra) patronage
- Music salons and performances of classical ragas
Political Role During the Freedom Struggle
Many zamindari families quietly supported India’s freedom movement despite their feudal background. Their contributions often went unrecorded in mainstream historical narratives but were crucial to the resistance movement at a local level. Examples include:
- Choudhurys of Lalgola, who provided shelter to freedom fighters
- Khans of Suti, who helped circulate nationalist literature
- Some families hosted Congress Party meetings during Quit India Movement
Current Status of Zimadari Families
Decline and Dispersal
Post-1950s, most zamindari families faced the loss of income and property. Many members moved to cities or abroad, and ancestral homes were sold or abandoned.
Preservation Efforts
A few descendants are now trying to preserve family heritage:
- Digitizing old records and photographs
- Restoring decayed mansions with private funds
- Creating heritage tourism projects in collaboration with NGOs
Why These Stories Matter
The history of Murshidabad’s lesser-known zamindari families provides a more inclusive and nuanced view of Bengal’s past. They have made contributions to:
- Cultural preservation
- Local administration
- Religious harmony
- Education and development
Conclusion
The unsung zamindari families from Beldanga to Salar, deserve acknowledgment for their roles in developing the region’s infrastructure, culture, and resilience. As efforts continue to document and restore these lost legacies, these families may finally receive the recognition they have long been denied in the pages of history.